There is possibly more broken, because you also get
Unable to open logs
First of all, enable more logging
LogLevel debug
in your /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
.
Check your file permissions in /var/log/apache2
.
I use often following command to debug:
strace -f apache2ctl start 2>&1|grep -v " ENOENT " | grep -Ee " E[A-Z]+"
It shows you excactly which calls are failed.
[Edit]
Another reason could produce overlapping listen adresses like:
Listen *:80
Listen 1.2.3.4:80
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